Shaping machine



Aug. 9, 1938. E. 'AEBER Ll 2,125,373

SHAPING MACHINE Filed Jan. 26, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l Juvenfar 5. Heeriz' Ma s E. AEBERLI Aug. 9, 1938.

SHAPING MACHINE Filed Jan. 26, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 9,1938 PATENT OFFICE- SHAPING MACHINE Ernst- Aelierli; Horgen, SwitzerlandApplication January 26, 1935, Serial No. 3,599

In Germany'January 31, 1934- 7' Claims. I

My invention relates r toa shaping machine" and, more particularly, toamachine of: this type adapted to cut gears. V

It iswell known in the art that-the: cutting" 52 tool carried bythdrecipro'catory mm! of the shaping machine must be swung out ofcontact withthe blank on the return stroke of the ram.

It iscustomary, for thispur-pose, to-mount" the cutter on a holderwhichispivot/ally attached 10 to the ram.

An object of my inventioniis the' provision of a shaping machine adaptedto be selectively used for cutting gears of: the annular type havinginterior teeth or gears-of the normal type hav 151mg teeth on theirperiphery.

It will be readily appreciated that to be selectively so connected withthe tool holder that the sameswings either in a dir'ec 30: tion towardsor in a directionaway from thel.

ram upon the return stroke of' the 1atter.-

Further objects of my invention will appear from a description of" a.preferred embodiment following hereinafter and the features of novelty35: will be pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 shows an elevation of: my improved shaping machine, partly insection alongfline I--| of Fig. 3,

being taken alongdineZ-Tofi Fig! 3,

Fig. 3 illustrates a section taken along two different .planesasindicated by line533 'of' Fig 4.5 2, and.

of my invention;

In Fig..1"I have shown: the contouring lines of a shapingmacliineof:aknown type similar? 50; to that disclosed for instance in the Reissue:

Patent No. 14 ,908"to1 M'aag and: adaptedito. pro?- duce a gear: of theannular type"by cuttingl'teeth intothe inner surface of aniannular'blank300 The object of my invention is the provision" 55x of meanswhich.permit thesame machine .to: be:

the directionof the pivotal movement of the tool required suring theparallel relationship-between-tlie tool and the blank during the workingstroke of the ram; toprovide anoscillatory member adapted- Fig. 2 is asectional elevation -of the mecha-- nism for swinging the tool-carrier,thesection' Fig. 4 is a diagram" illustrating the" function? also usedfor cutting normal gears, forrinstance a spur-gear indicated in' Fig. 1in dotted lines. The frame I of the shaping machine is provided with avertical. guide for a'reciprocatory ram 2 carrying a bracket 3 whichconstitutes a journal for a horizontal: shaft 4 extending trans--versely to and in front of the ram 2; The shaft 4* is freely rotatablymounted in two ears of the bracket 3; Intermediate these ears there ispivotally mounted on shaft 4 a tool-carrier In in form of a housingwhichprovides a journalfor the depending t'ool-spindlefi. The lower end of.the spindle B which is journalled in a sleeve formed by the housing lprojects out of this sleeve and carries the shaping tool 'I in form of apinion. This pinion serves to cut the interior teeth of the annularblank 30 accordingto the rolling principle. The required rolling motionwhich causes the pitch-circle of the gearshaped tool i to roll on thepitch-circle of the interior teeth to be cut is produced in a knownmanner by an operative connection of the shaft l with the rotarywork-table 3] having a supporting face for. the work or blank30extending in angular relation to the movement of theram. As the meansfor establishing this operative connection do. not form part of myinvention, an illustration and description thereof may be dispensedwith.

A WOIII1'32 is attached to shaft 4'within the housing i0 and engages aworm-wheel 5 keyed to the upper end of spindle 6. In the operation ofthe machine, the table 3| is intermittently turned about its verticalaxis by the driving motor through a suitable transmission and thespindle 6' is simultaneously rotated at such a speed that thepitch-circle of the cutting pinion 1} rolls along the pitchcircle of theteeth to be cut. While-the blank 3lJ-and thespindle 6 pause in theirintermittent movement, the ram 2 is moved downward. During the movementof the ram 2 in the cutting direction, for instance in-the downward direction, the tool I i'sbrought by a suitable piv-- otal movement of thehousing I ll about the shaft 4--'to the operative positionshown in Fig;1 in which: the-spindle 6 extends in the plane of movement of the ramand in accurate parallel relationship to the: axis of the blank. Duringthe return -stroke of the ram, however, tlie'tool is swung or moved toposition to incline in one direction relative to. the plane of movementof ther'am and away from the blank 30 in order tosprevent'; injuryuofthe tool by, the intermittentrotary move'mentijofi themtool and blank.

For this purpose, I have devised my novel mechanism illustrated in Figs.2 and 3 which may be so set at the option of the operator that thedirection of the pivotal movement of the toolcarrier may be reverseddepending on the particular use to which the machine is to be put, thatis to say, whether the teeth of gears of the annular type or gears ofthe normal type are to be cut. I shall now proceed to describe thismechanism assuming that the working stroke of the tool is the downwardstroke and the return-stroke the upward stroke.

A vertical rack II is attached to the frame I of the machine and mesheswith a gear I2 rigidly attached to a shaft I3. The ends of this shaftare journalled within vertical side-walls of the bracket 3 as indicatedin Fig. 3, so that the shaft will be alternately turned in oppositedirections during the reciprocatory motion of the ram. On the shaft I3,there is mounted a bushing I4 adapted to be frictionally driven by theshaft through a slip-clutch. This is accomplished by having the shaftformed with a shoulder 33, and the bushing I4 frictionally held incontact therewith by a ring 34 which is slidably mounted on the shaftI3, but suitably secured against relative rotation thereto by a key andis acted upon by a helical spring 35 bearing against a nut 36 carried bya threaded portion of shaft I3.

Moreover, the bracket 3 is formed integral with two lugs 31 and 38 (Fig.3) embracing a projection 39 of the tool-carrier I8. A horizontal shaftI I is mounted in bores of the lugs 31 and 38. As shown in Fig. 3, thebore of lug 31 is of reduced diameter with regard to that of lug 38.That portion of shaft I! which extends between the lugs 31 and 38 andthrough the projection 39 forms an eccentric 40. A square block I9 ismounted on the eccentric and is slidably guided between the verticalside-walls 9 of a slot provided in the projection 39 of the tool-holderIll.

The shaft IT projects beyond the lug 38 to the 'left with reference toFig. 3 and its free end carries a bushing I6 formed with an ear 4Ipivotally'connected by a stud to a toggle-link I5. The other end of thistoggle-link is pivotally connlected to an arm 42 integral with thebushing 4.

The shaft I1 is secured in the bushing I6 against rotation by meanswhich permit the .operator to loosen the shaft and to adjust or turn itthrough 180 about its axis and to fix it again in its adjusted position.For this purpose, the shaft is provided with a hexagonal head 45 adaptedto be engaged by a wrench and the shaft has four recesses 43 spacedapartabout the shaft as shown in Fig. 2. The bushing I6 is provided withtwo tapped bores adapted to receive set screws I8 bearing against thewalls of the recesses 43, thus securing shaft I! in the bushing I6against longitudinal and angular displacement.

After the screws I8,have been unscrewed sufficiently to be withdrawnfrom the recesses 43,

the shaft may be adjusted or turned throughabout its axis and may thenbe secured .in its adjusted positionby tightening the screwsinterchangeable 'spacers 20 and 2I adapted to limit thepivotal movementof the tool-holder 1..

The operation is as follows:

When the ram 2 moves up and down, the shaft I3 turns alternately one wayand the other and tends to impart this motion through the slipclutch tothe bushing I4, whereby the toggle formed by the arm 42 and the link I5is alternately straightened as shown in Fig. 2 and collapsed. This willhave the effect of rocking the shaft I! in its bearings 31 and 38. Thecenter b of the eccentric 40 turning about the axis a of the shaft IIoscillates along an arcuate path extending substantially horizontally atthe distance e from the axis a. The rocking motion of the eccentric 48is imparted to the sliding block I9 mounted thereon which is guidedbetween the walls 9 of the slot provided in the tool-holder I8.Therefore, the tool-holder II] is rocked about shaft 4 within the limitsimposed by the spacers 20 and 2I. Owing to this to-and-fro motion of thetool-holder II), the tool-pinion 'I is moved to operative positionrelative to the blank initially during the operative stroke of the ramand is withdrawn from its operative position at the beginning of thereturn-stroke of the ram.

The spacers 20 and 2| which determine the amount of the pivotal movementof the toolholder III are so dimensioned that the axis of spindle 6 willbe truly perpendicular during the working stroke, that is to say,parallel to the axis of the blank, and that the cutting edges of thetool I are sufiiciently spaced from the blank during the return-strokeof the ram. When the machine is set to perform the Work of cutting innerteeth in an annular blank as shown in Fig. l, and if the machine is sodesigned as to perform the operative stroke in downward direction, thespacer 20 is so dimensioned that the tool-spindle assumes itsperpendicular position when the holder II] bears against the spacer 20.

When the ram 2 starts on its downward stroke, the shaft I'I tends toturn in anti-clockwise direction with reference to Fig. 2 owing to thetoggle being straightened and, thereby, pivots the holder I0 until theholder bears against the spacer 28. This will bring the toggle to theposition illustrated in Fig. 2 in which it is nearly straightened. Anabutment 22 of the bushing I6 adapted to cooperate with the link I5serves to prevent the toggle from passing through its straightenedposition.

After the tool-holder III has been brought into contact with the spacer20, the shaft I1 is prevented from continuing to rotate so that theslip-clutch I4 will slip during the continued rotation of shaft I3. Whenthe parts assume this position, the toggle will lock the tool-holder I0against a retrograde pivotal movement under the reaction of the cuttingpressure of the tool I.

When the working stroke has been finished and the ram starts on itsupward stroke, the gear I2 reverses its rotation and takes the bushingI4 along with it in the opposite direction, whereby the toggle collapsesand leaves its locking position and rotates the shaft I! in clockwisedirection with reference to Fig. 2. Therefore, the tool-holder I0 ispivoted about the shaft 4 towards the right with reference to Fig. 1,until it bears against the spacer 2|. The'thickness of this spacer isless than that of the spacer 2D, the difference in thicknesscorresponding to the pivotal movement required to withdraw the tool Ifrom its operative position. After the holder I0 has been brought incontact with the spacer 2I, the shaft I! will remain at rest during thecontinued upward motion of the ram.' The fricl as to perform the cuttingstroke upwardly and the return stroke in downward direction. In' thisevent, the direction of rotation of gear l2 may be reversed by theinterposition between tional-force, however, exerted on the shaft ll bythe slip-clutch and the toggle will hold thetool holder H1 initsposition against the spacer 21 until the subsequent downwardstrokeoftheram begins. When inner teeth are to be cut, as-illustrated inFig. 1, the movement of the tool into its operative position isin adirection from the right to 1, the-operator unscrews thescrews l8and-rotatesthe eccentric shaft 1 1- through 180 and then tightens it inits adjusted position. Moreover,

tion by suitablereleasablemeans not shownin the drawingsv V V 1 ing thespindle 6 in its truly perpendicularposition, when the tool-holderswings into its-right hand end-position with reference to Fig. 1. It

will be noted that, when the tool-spindle 6-as-- sumes its perpendicularposition, the tool-holder i0 is spaced equal amounts from the bearingsurfaces of the bracket 3 whichcarrythe spacers- 20 and 2!.

The eccentric will now-act in a direction opposite to that when cuttinginner' teeth and the spacers will secure the spindle 6" in itsverticalposition during the downward stroke. During the upward stroke oftheram, the tool is lifted from the blank towards the left withreferenceto Fig. 1.

If desired, the machine could be arranged gear l2 and rack H- of anintermediarygear, or

the toggle may be so arranged that it will be straightened by the upwardmotion of the arm The kinematic conditions ofmy'invention arediagrammatically shown in' Fig. 4. It will appear from this. figure thatthe function of the is so constructed as to per-mittheselective'connection with the, tool holder Ill either of the pointlipos'itioned above the pivotal axis a or of the point h positionedbelow said pivotal axis. While this selective connection is establishedin the embodiment described hereinabove by a turn of the eccentricthrough 180, it is obvious to anyone skilled in the art that the rockingmember could be also equipped with two eccentric shafts adapted to bealternatively connected with the tool holder 10.

I wish it to be clearly understood that my invention is not limited tothe specific details of the embodiment described hereinabove, but iscapable of numerous modifications without departing from the spirit ofthe invention.

What I claim is: I

1. In a shaping machine, the combination comprising a reciprocatory ram,a tool holder pivoted thereto for movement into and out of operativecutting position relative to a blank and provided with verticalguide-ways, a stationary rack, a rocking member and a gear mounted onsaid ram, said gear meshing with said rack, a toggle connected to saidrocking member, a slip-clutch connecting said toggle to said gear, aneccentric adapted to be optionally connected. to said rock- This willhave theeffect of arrest ing member in either onesof two positions, anda sliding block" on said eccentric guided in said vertical guide-ways ofsaid tool holder, whereby the-machine may be set for operation one.blank: positioned on one or the other sideof said tool.

2;.In ashaping machine, aframe arranged witha-Worksupporting table, aram mountedon' the frame to have reciprocatory movement toward and awayfrom-the work supporting table, atool holder carried by the ram toparticipate in the reciprocatory movements-thereof relative to the workon-the work' supporting table and to have pivotal movement into and outof operative cutting position relative to the work and ar-' ranged withguideways extending longitudinally thereof, a member mounted onthe ramto haverocking movement, means to transmit rocking movement to saidmember from and by the reciprocatory movements of the ram, an eccentric;means toconnect the eccentric in either one of two positions with saidrocking member to transmit the rocking movement of said member tooscillatory movement of the eccentric, and a block engaged on theeccentric mounted in the guideways of the tool holder to have slidingmovement therein, whereby by the connection of the ecentric with therocking member the tool holder may be set for operation on the work onthe work support on oneor the opposite sideof the work.

3. In a shaping machine, a frame arrangedwith a work supporting table, aram mounted on the frame to have reciprocatory movement toward-and awayfrom the work supporting tableand arranged with opposite abutments, atool holder carried by said ram to participate in themovement thereoftoward and away from the work supporting table and'tohavepivotalmovement on an axis transverse of the movement of the raminto and out of operative cutting position relative to the workon'the'work supporting table and arranged with stop faces onoppo sitesides thereof in opposed relation to the; abutments of the ram, spacersadapted to be interchangeably and releasably mounted on the abutmentsfor engagement of the stop faces of the tool holder and limit thepivotal'movement, of the tool holder, and means including a toggleoperatively connected with the tool holder and operative in synchronismwith the reciprocatory movements of the ram to position the tool holderwith a stop face thereof in engagement with one spacer during themovement of the ram in one direction and to position with the other stopface thereof in engagement with the other spacer during the movement ofthe ram in the opposite direction.

4. In a shaping machine, a reciprocatory ram, a tool holder mounted onthe ram to participate in the reciprocatory movements thereof and havepivotal movement into and out of operative cutting position, and meansto swing 'the tool holder into and out of cutting position and forlooking it in operative cutting position, comprising an eccentricrotatably carried by the ram and operatively connected with the toolholder, a fixed rack, a rotatable shaft carried by the ram, a pinionfixed on said shaftmeshing with the rack and thereby adapted to transmitrotative movement in opposite directions to the shaft by thereciprocatory movements of the ram, a toggle including a link pivotallyconnected with the eccentric and a friction member loose on said shaft,and a friction member rotatable with the shaft and urged into engagementwith the friction member of the toggle to couple the shaft with thetoggle and thereby the eccentric with the shaft and transmit oscillatorymovements to the eccentric by the reciprocatory movements of the ram. a

5. In a shaping machine, a frame having a work supporting table andguideways extending at an angle to the surface of the work supportingtable, a ram mounted in the guideways to have reciprocatory movementstoward and away from the work supporting table, a tool holder carried bythe ram to participate in the movements thereof and have pivotalmovement on an axis extending transversely of the movement of the ramand adapted to be moved to position with the tool in operative cuttingposition during the movement of the ram toward the work on the worksupporting table and to position with the tool at either side andout ofcutting position during the return movement of the ram, means operativefrom the movements of the ram to swing the tool holder to and hold it incutting position during the movement of the ram toward the worksupporting table and swing the tool holder to predetermined positionwith the tool at either side of its cutting position and retain it insaid position during the movement of the ram away from the worksupporting table, said means including settablemeans for determining thedirection of movement of the tool holder to position the tool out ofcutting position during the return movement of the ram away from theWork supporting table, whereby to set said means for operation of thetool carried by the tool holder on work positioned on the worksupporting table at one or the opposite side of the tool.

6. In a shaping machine, a reciprocatory ram, a bracket fixed on theram, a tool holder carried by the bracket to participate in thereciprocatory movements of the ram and have movement on an axisextending transversely of the movement of the ram, spacers adapted to beinterchangeably mounted on the bracket at opposite sides of the toolholder to be engaged by and limit the pivotal movements of the toolholder and the tool into and out of cutting positions, and means adaptedto be connected in either one of two positions to the ram and actuatedfrom the movements of the ram, said means in one of its con nectionswith the ram and in one position of the spacers being operative toengage the tool holder with one spacer and position the tool holder withthe tool in cutting position during the movement of the ram in onedirection and engage the tool holder with the other of said spacers andposition the tool holder to incline in one direction relative to theplane of movement of the ram and the cutter out of cutting positionduring'the movement of the ram in'the opposite direction, and said meansin the other connection thereof with the ram and in the other positionof the spacers being operative to engage the tool holder with one spacerand position the tool holder with the tool in cutting position duringthe movement of the ram in one direction and engage the tool holder withthe other spacer and position the tool holder to incline in the oppositedirection relative to the plane of movement of the ram with the tool outof cutting position during the movement of the ram in the oppositedirection.

7. In a shaping machine, a reciprocatory ram, a bracket fixed on theram, a holder mounted on said bracket to participate in the movement ofthe ram and have pivotal movement on an axis extending transversely ofthe movement of the ram, a cutter carrying spindle journaled in saidholder to rotate on an axis extending parallelly of the movement of theram, spacers adapted to be interchangeably mounted on the bracket atopposite sides of the holder, one of said spacers being adapted forengagement of the holder to limit the pivotal movements of the holder toposition the cutter carrying spindle with the cutter in operative andout of cutting positions, means connected to and operative from themovements of the ram to move the holder into and hold it in engagementwith one spacer and the cutter carrying spindle with the cutter inoperative cutting position by and during the movement of the ram in onedirection, and to move the holder laterally into and hold it inengagement with the other spacer and the cutter carrying spindle withthe cutter out of cutting position by and during the movement of the ramin the opposite direction, and means to connect said latter means in oneof two positions with the ram and predetermine the direction of movementof the holder to position the holder and cutter carrying spindle withthe cutter out of cutting position at one or the opposite side of thecutting position of the cutter.

ERNST AEBERLI.

